The Co-evolution of NGOs and Interactive Technology
نویسندگان
چکیده
WE ARE witnesses to an epochal transformation in the analytically distinct domains of production and communication. On one side, we see a shift from mass production to network modes of organizing, as hierarchical, bureaucratic forms coexist with heterarchical, collaborative forms. On the other, we see a shift from mass communication to interactive media, as the uni-directional channels of one-to-many coexist with the hypertextual world of increasing interactivity. The dual shifts are, in fact, a twinned transformation: from mass production/mass communication to network production/network communication. To understand the new organizational forms of our epoch we must study how their roles and practices co-evolve with the new interactive technologies. These transformations are being exponentially accelerated by digital tools that make it possible to access text, audio, visual and database information in an encompassing, interactive environment. Actors now participate in complex digital ecologies consisting of the Internet, intranets, extranets, web sites, virtual collaborative workplaces and the like. Within this encompassing environment of extended connectivity and nearubiquitous computing, the new media do not simply allow organizations to communicate faster or to perform existing functions more effectively, they also present opportunities to communicate in entirely new ways and to perform radically new functions. Especially because these are interactive media, their adoption becomes an occasion for innovation that restructures interdependencies, reshapes interfaces and transforms relations. The impact of such developments is as far-reaching for international order as for individual organizations. Among the many actors of this rapidly changing environment, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have
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